Explosive reactive armor counters penetrating threats by utilizing explosive energy to move armor elements into the path of the incoming shape charge. Eurenco provides a wide range of reactive armour kits, applicable to main battle tanks mbt and armoured personnel carriers apc the missions of armoured vehicles as defensive and interposition forces in urban operations make them vulnerable targets and require their enhanced protection. Explosivereactive armor wisniewski adam 1 and 2 layered. Am i correct in thinking that it basically has a detection system setup where it can monitor if an object passes between 2 plates, and if so unleashes a charge into a magnetic coil which is so strong that it induces an. Old kontakt k12 were good against shaped charges, the block would explode and send one plate straight up at the charge. Nextgeneration reactive armor for application on the bradley fighting vehicle. Blazer used a rather primitve construction using one reactive element per tile.
Explosive reactive armour helps to defeat attack by high explosive anti tank heat warheads. Explosive reactive armour modules of cumulative action nozh knife are intended for use in reactive explosive protection systems reps of mobile or stationary objects against armor piercing, hollowcharge shells, impactcumulative ammunition such as self forging fragments etc. The physically based theoretical model of this interaction is given. Kontakt5 is a type of secondgeneration explosive reactive armour era originating in the soviet union. Public law 105261 section 114, this study included. Explosive reactive armour was valued by the soviet union and its nowindependent component states since the 1970s, and almost every tank in the easterneuropean military inventory today has either been manufactured to use era or had era tiles added to it, including even the t55 and t62 tanks built forty to fifty years ago, but still used. Selflimiting explosive reactive armor slera places explosive materials in a configuration that limits the propagation of the explosive to a con trolled area.
D us army rdecom tank automotive research, development, engineering center tardec warren, mi abstract this study applies an augmentation to systems engineering methodology based on the integration. Hence their thickness could be ignored, and the thicknesses of the plates were considered only based on their areal mass density. This explosive does not detonate or burn when hit by bullets, projectiles, or fragments. While its main objective is to inform highlevel policy decisions, this document should also be of interest to a wider audience, including armor technologists, acquisition executives, force structure planners, and land warfare strategists. Explosive reactive armour era developed by drdo and has mastered varieties of techniques in the areas of propellants, high explosives, pyrotechnics, polymers, etc. Lf2xa is included in both legacy and future combat systems. Since it is a plastic bonded explosive, it is waterproof and can be extruded. Military vehicles explosive reactive armour era,nexrearm. Upon impact with a hollow jet explosive charge, the incompressible layer causes the outer metal sheets to push outwardly into the path of the hollow jet explosive charge. A model for explosive reactive armor interaction with. Development explosive reactive and composite armour.
James bingham assesses developments in reactive armour technologies, including explosive and non explosive reactive armour and electric armour. Pdf armour protection and affordable protection for. A reactive armor arrangement consisting of two mutually parallel metal sheets with an interior sheet of incompressible formaldehyde compound. It is most effective in protecting against shaped charges and specially hardened kinetic energy penetrators. However, they were overruled by the soviet army, and on 15 january 1983, the act of the state commission on the adoption of tanks with explosive reactive armor was signed. When a warhead hits the outer metal plate, the explosives underneath also specially shaped detonate and force the sandwich to rapidly bulge as the plates. However, tanks do not use only one layer or one tier of armour, they typically employ several layers. Explosive reactive armour explained coldwarwarriors. Explosive reactive armour era is used to protect the armoured vehicles against chemical energy warheads and longrod penetrators. Government qualification, over 1,500 armor tiles were extensively tested. It depends on the type of era and the weapon system employed against it. This involves covering parts of a vehicle with bricks of plastic explosives sandwiched between metal plates. Reactive armor tiles for army and marine corps armored. How exactly does nera work, and what are its advantages.
Effect of explosive reactive armour cover plate on interaction of era and explosively formed projectile article pdf available in shock and vibration 20191. Nov 18, 2008 you saw it here first not so secret now hey. To provide added protection, engineers have developed explosive reactive armour. Military vehicles explosive reactive armour era,nexrearm explosive reactive armour era,nexrearm is armour protection system able to significantly reduce penetration of shaped charge warheads and kinetic energy projectiles, thereby ensuring the nonperforation of the tank armour and protection of the crew. Effect of explosive reactive armour cover plate on. The origins of the erawa are hidden in half of the 1980s when polish military institute of armament technology had started in person prof. E xplosive reactive armor wisniewski adam 1 and 2 layered. The ceramic tile layer may include a plurality of ceramic tiles and explosive material. However, the development of reactive armor put forward strict requirements for insensitivity to fire means not threaten the armor of the tank, such as bullets, shells, smallcaliber guns. Each reactive element consisted of a three milimeter steel plate, a three milimeter thick layer of explosives and a further three milimeter thick steel plate. M3a2 ods operation desert storm bradley wera, explosive reactive armor reactive armours are a type of armour that reacts to the impact of a weapon to reduce the damage to the vehicle.
Ukrainian defense industry provides latest technology of explosive reactive armour called duplet at idef 2017, defense exhibition in turkey. Explosive reactive and composite armour we are happy to introduce some new features of the next major update 1. Through systemspecific optimization, lf2xa continues to provide the preferred performance and properties required by the united states military. Oct 25, 2009 hi there im sure you know explosive reactive armour era well enough, so i will not go on about the principal of how it works. It is the first type of era that is effectively able to defeat modern armour piercing finstabilized discarding sabot apfsds rounds introduced on the t80u tank in 1985, kontakt5 is made up of bricks of explosive sandwiched between two metal plates. Revisiting the massflux model for explosive reactive. A model for explosive reactive armor interaction with shaped. Jul 03, 2010 explosive reactive armour explained coldwarwarriors.
Jul 04, 2012 i am trying to understand the concept of electric reactive armour. Explosive reactive armour era is used for protection of tanks against anti tank threats namely, high explosive anti tank heat and kinetic energy. Constructively such reactive armor elements are metal boxes weighing 7 kg and the dimensions of 251. Explosive reactive armor is that bricklooking stuff that the soviets loved covering their tanks in during the last days of the cold war. Explosive reactive armor era is a common form of addon armor employed in many armored fighting vehicles afvs, such as tanks. Explosive reactive armour era ias preparation online.
Theoretical and experimental studies study of interaction of explosive reactive armor era with shaped charge jet is. This reactive armor incorporates stateoftheart technology, while utilizing an insensitive, highenergy explosive. Armor shield r tm combat proven reactive addon armor. Apr 28, 2016 the first type of explosive reactive armor adopted on a tank was blazer era. Reactive armor tiles produced by rafael and general dynamics have been typeclassified for production. Other articles where explosive reactive armour is discussed. Item produced in resin 160 pcs more details in stock. Era has been used by the us armed forces for over 25 years. Study of interaction of explosive reactive armor era with shaped charge jet is the basis for evaluation of the effectiveness of era. Inl researchers have proposed prototypes for future lightweight armor systems that reside in a technology gap between explosive reactive armor and passive armor. Jianlong, efp penetrating explosive reactive armor, journal of nanjing university of science and technology natural science, vol. System integration of adaptive resilience in reactive armor systems page 2 of 20 unclassified. A schematic configuration of an explosive reactive cassette is presented in fig.
Explosively formed projectiles efps are used as antiarmour warheads, and their use in top attack antiarmour weapons is increasing. Designed to explode outward and thus neutralize the explosive penetration of a shapedcharge warhead, reactive armour augmented any protection already provided by steel or. Future armour materials and technologies for combat platforms. Am i correct in thinking that it basically has a detection system setup where it can monitor if an object passes between 2 plates, and if so unleashes a charge into a magnetic coil which is so strong that it induces an electric charge in the object provided its made of something like copper, and that is great enough to melt.
Explosive reactive armor was originally modeled under the assumption that the plates in the cassettes were very thin. Explosive reactive armor ballistics science discussion. One of the prototype systems, semienergetic reactive armor sera, functions similarly to explosive reactive armor, but features a reactive material that reacts much slower than explosive reactive armor. Tanks 101 armor protection 19201980 features and characteristics duration. Essentially it does the same as era, it deflects some of the. Other new armor concepts such as non explosive reactive armor, hybrid electric reactive armor, intelligent dynamic armor and electromagnetic armors are some of. Experimental and theoretical investigation of a model. Procedures to store, transport, deploy, maintain and operate with reactive armor modules have been successfully developed and employed. Pdf will an explosive reactive armour era fulfil its function through detonation of its explosive layer on being impacted by a projectile. Other new armor concepts such as non explosive reactive armor, hybrid electric reactive armor, intelligent dynamic armor and electromagnetic armors are some of the promising protection systems for. With regards to the protection of armored fighting vehicles, this paper provides a much less complex understanding, as well as information necessary on reactive armor. Jan 12, 2016 the advanced kontakt5 explosive reactive armour on this t90s is arranged in pairs of plates, giving the turret its prominent triangular profile.
System integration of adaptive resilience in reactive armor systems joseph cannon, ph. This is a brief introduction to the much misunderstood nera armour plates that many mode. Unit beefs up tanks with reactive armor article the. Its low cost, reliability, availability of production. Explosive reactive armor era is a type of armour using one or multiple layers of high explosive between armor plates offering high level of protection against modern armor piercing ammunition. D wisniewski development process about new armor for deep modernization of the t72m1. Pdf effect of explosive reactive armour cover plate on. Development explosive reactive and composite armour news. Unlike other types of era, clara is designed to be fragmentation free. The armour strikes back era explosivereactive armour. How much protection does relikt explosive reactive armor. Origins of the erawa armor the erawa armor is connected whit person of the prof.
Explosive reactive armor era is usually composed of an explosive layer in between two metal plates, generally made of steel. Reactive armour is a type of vehicle armour that reacts in some way to the impact of a weapon to reduce the damage done to the vehicle being protected. The setup of nera is similar to that of era explosive reactive armor, the difference being that nera contains no or even less explosives between the two metal. Essentially nera works like explosive reactive armor, but with a lot less plate movment, as it only reuses the energy from the impacting projectile, instead of using an external energy source such as the detonation of an explosive layer to move the metal plates. The cassette is usually positioned at an oblique angle to the jet path. The targets were designed to react under impact and throw a steel front plate into the path of the projectile, forcing the projectile to engage more of the front plate during its penetration process. I admit not knowing much about era, but a quick check around various sources has impressed the following things on me. The latest modification of the t80 tank will receive socalled soft packages with explosive reactive armour, according to the centre for analysis of strategies and technologies the improved version of the sovietdesign tank, known as t80bvm, is reportedly fitted with the relikt 3rd generation explosive reactive armor era in standard kits and also in soft or flexible packages. The reactive tiles prevent penetration of various weapon systems, such as rpg rocketpropelled grenades.
Non explosive reactive armour achieves the same effect without an explosive layer. Era generally consists of an era sandwich and an outer steel cover to protect it from unintended initiation. When rounds that could penetrate up to 400mm of armoured steel were invented, engineers had to find a new approach to tank protection. Explosive reactive armor era is the most effec tive proven technology to defeat both chemical energy and kineticenergy threats. One of the more famous application of nera armour, in this case utilising titanium and polymer. This concept in reactive armor incorporates stateoftheart technology, while utilizing an insensitive, highenergy explosive. Development of era was altogether a new area, a challenging task.
Ukraine duplet era explosive reactive armour idef 11105171. Quite some time ago when reading about new light and medium armoured vehicles i came across nera. I am trying to understand the concept of electric reactive armour. During a reactive encounter, this explosive causes minimal environmental and collateral damage. Nonenergetic reactive armor nera and semienergetic.
The ceramic tiles may each define a hollow space in which the explosive material is deposited. The main aim is to provide an overview of the modern stateoftheart in the. It is the first type of era that is effectively able to defeat modern armourpiercing finstabilized discarding sabot apfsds rounds. The reactive armor may include a selfhealing outer layer, a ceramic tile layer and a backing layer.
A detailed assessment of the requirements for ra tiles on army and marine. Heat or chemical attack is the common type of warhead found on most anti tank missiles and launchers such as tow, rpg etc. Revisiting the massflux model for explosive reactive armor and. Understanding nonexplosive reactive armour defense. In compliance with the strom thurmond national defense authorization act for fiscal year 1999 hr report 105736. Adam wisniewski from military institute of armament technology witu in poland. The era is a type of addon armor that usually consists of cassettes made of two metal plates with an explosive layer in between. Clara composite lightweight adaptable reactive armour is a german composite reactive armor, which has been developed by dynamit nobel defence a company that traces back its origin to alfred nobel, aka that guy from the nobel prize and inventor of the dynamite.